Run Detail
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Provider
openrouter
Challenge Version
v1.0
Turns
1
Duration
560.5s
Total Tokens
34,748
Input Tokens
733
Output Tokens
34,015
Reasoning Effort
default
Est. Cost
$0.0938
Started
8/31/2026, 3:37:38 AM
OR Provider
Chutes
Finish Reason
stop
Generation ID
gen-1788147459-3Lkj6MUY5n0poyNNJGj0
Turns (1)
Turn #1
733 in34,015 out34,748 total560.5s
user
You are a graphics engineer who has spent a lot of time finding out why things are slow.
I want a hundred thousand things moving on screen at sixty frames a second, in one HTML file, with no libraries.
What to build
- A canvas, 900 × 600.
- 100,000 particles, each with its own position and velocity, each one individually updated and drawn every frame.
- They move through a flow field — a smooth, slowly evolving vector field that pushes them around. Curl, drift, eddies. It should look like weather, or ink in water, not like confetti.
- Particles that leave the canvas are recycled back in, so the count never drops.
- The field itself must evolve over time. A static field that particles merely settle into is not what I asked for.
On screen, always visible
- A live FPS readout, honestly measured — a frame-time average, not a number you decided on.
- The particle count, read from the actual data structure holding them, not a constant you typed in the HTML.
House rules
- One file. Everything inline — no CDN, no external stylesheet, font, script or image.
data:URIs are fine. - No libraries. No WebGL helper you paste in. If you want to use WebGL, write it yourself.
- No network at runtime.
- No
localStorage,sessionStorage, cookies orindexedDB— sandboxed frame, they throw. - Return the file as exactly one fenced
htmlblock.
Answer in exactly these sections
The plan
One paragraph, before the file. Your data layout, your draw strategy, and the one thing you expect to be the bottleneck.
The file
The single fenced html block.
The prediction
This is the section I care most about. Be specific and commit to numbers:
- FPS I expect on a 2023 laptop, integrated graphics, Chrome — give a single number, not a range wider than about ten.
- Where the time goes — roughly what share is update versus draw, and why.
- The first thing that breaks if I raise the count to a million.
- What you'd need to go ten times faster. Name the technique, not "optimize further".
If you fell short
If you could not do 100,000 at 60fps and shipped fewer, or a cheaper effect than a real flow field, say so here, plainly, and say what you shipped instead. Write Nothing dropped. if you delivered the brief in full.
How this is scored
I am going to open the file and read the FPS counter.
Then I am going to compare it against your prediction. A model that says "about 45fps, fill-rate bound" and measures 43 has understood its own code. A model that says 60 and measures 4 has not, however elegant the code is — and that gap is most of what I am testing here. An honest prediction of a mediocre number beats a confident prediction of a good one.
assistant
The plan
Structure-of-arrays Float32Arrays (px, py, vx, vy) hold the 100k particles so the hot loop is a flat, branch-light sweep over contiguous memory with zero per-frame allocation. The flow field is the 2D curl (stream-function) of four traveling, slowly rotating sine waves — divergence-free by construction, so it swirls and reorganizes like fluid instead of settling — sampled once per frame onto a 61×41 grid and bilinearly interpolated per particle. Trails live in a persistent full-res ImageData buffer viewed as a Uint32Array: each frame I fade every pixel through three 256-entry LUTs, then each particle overwrites one pixel from a speed→color palette, and I do a single putImageData blit with the HUD painted on top via fillText. The GPU is essentially idle, so this is a single-threaded CPU problem; the one thing I expect to be the bottleneck is the per-particle integration loop, because it's the only part that scales with N and does ~50 ops plus ~10 typed-array reads per particle.
The file
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Flow Field · 100,000 particles</title>
<style>
:root { color-scheme: dark; }
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html, body { height: 100%; }
body {
margin: 0;
min-height: 100%;
background: #06080c;
background-image:
radial-gradient(1100px 640px at 50% 12%, #0c1119 0%, rgba(12,17,25,0) 62%),
radial-gradient(900px 520px at 84% 98%, #0a1017 0%, rgba(10,16,23,0) 60%);
color: #c6d1dc;
font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
gap: 14px; padding: 24px;
}
header { text-align: center; }
h1 {
margin: 0;
font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700;
letter-spacing: .24em; text-transform: uppercase;
color: #eaf2fa;
}
h1 .dot { color: #45d6c4; }
.sub { margin: 6px 0 0; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .1em; color: #5b6a7b; }
canvas {
display: block;
width: 900px; height: 600px;
background: #06080d;
border: 1px solid #1b2531;
border-radius: 6px;
box-shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(0,0,0,.6), 0 0 0 1px rgba(90,200,255,.05);
}
footer {
font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .03em; color: #45525f;
}
footer b { color: #7f92a4; font-weight: 600; }
footer .sep { color: #2a3542; padding: 0 6px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Flow Field <span class="dot">·</span> 100,000 Particles</h1>
<p class="sub">curl of four traveling waves — divergence-free, evolving, torus-wrapped</p>
</header>
<canvas id="c" width="900" height="600"></canvas>
<footer>
<b>sim</b> typed-array SoA<span class="sep">/</span><b>field</b> 61×41 grid, bilinear<span class="sep">/</span><b>trails</b> ImageData fade<span class="sep">/</span><b>blit</b> 1× putImageData
</footer>
<script>
'use strict';
(() => {
const W = 900, H = 600;
const canvas = document.getElementById('c');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
// ---- particles: structure of arrays ----
const N = 100000;
const px = new Float32Array(N), py = new Float32Array(N);
const vx = new Float32Array(N), vy = new Float32Array(N);
for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
px[i] = Math.random() * W;
py[i] = Math.random() * H;
vx[i] = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.6;
vy[i] = (Math.random() - 0.5) * 0.6;
}
// ---- persistent trail buffer (full-res), faded per-pixel via LUTs ----
const img = ctx.createImageData(W, H);
const buf = new Uint32Array(img.data.buffer);
const FADE = 0.90;
const BG = [6, 9, 15];
const lutR = new Uint8Array(256), lutG = new Uint8Array(256), lutB = new Uint8Array(256);
for (let v = 0; v < 256; v++) {
lutR[v] = (v * FADE + BG[0] * (1 - FADE)) | 0;
lutG[v] = (v * FADE + BG[1] * (1 - FADE)) | 0;
lutB[v] = (v * FADE + BG[2] * (1 - FADE)) | 0;
}
const BG32 = (0xff000000 | (BG[2] << 16) | (BG[1] << 8) | BG[0]) >>> 0;
buf.fill(BG32);
// ---- speed -> color palette (deep blue -> teal -> pale cyan) ----
const PAL = new Uint32Array(256);
const stops = [
[0.00, 12, 26, 60],
[0.30, 22, 84, 132],
[0.60, 44, 172, 188],
[0.85, 128, 226, 220],
[1.00, 232, 250, 255],
];
for (let i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
const t = i / 255;
let a = stops[0], b = stops[stops.length - 1];
for (let s = 0; s < stops.length - 1; s++) {
if (t >= stops[s][0] && t <= stops[s + 1][0]) { a = stops[s]; b = stops[s + 1]; break; }
}
const f = (t - a[0]) / ((b[0] - a[0]) || 1);
const r = (a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * f) | 0;
const g = (a[2] + (b[2] - a[2]) * f) | 0;
const bl = (a[3] + (b[3] - a[3]) * f) | 0;
PAL[i] = (0xff000000 | (bl << 16) | (g << 8) | r) >>> 0;
}
// ---- flow field: curl of a scalar potential (divergence-free) ----
const GW = 60, GH = 40;
const GW1 = GW + 1, GH1 = GH + 1;
const FX = new Float32Array(GW1 * GH1);
const FY = new Float32Array(GW1 * GH1);
const CW = W / GW, CH = H / GH;
const INV_CW = 1 / CW, INV_CH = 1 / CH;
const SPEED = 13;
// [wavenumber, amplitude, base angle, phase speed, rotation speed]
const waves = [
{ k: 2 * Math.PI / 420, a: 1.00, th: 0.3, w: 0.00021, r: 0.00004 },
{ k: 2 * Math.PI / 260, a: 0.72, th: 2.1, w: 0.00034, r: -0.00006 },
{ k: 2 * Math.PI / 150, a: 0.46, th: 4.4, w: 0.00052, r: 0.00009 },
{ k: 2 * Math.PI / 88, a: 0.30, th: 1.2, w: 0.00077, r: -0.00012 },
];
const NW = waves.length;
const wkx = new Float32Array(NW), wky = new Float32Array(NW), wph = new Float32Array(NW);
function updateField(t) {
for (let i = 0; i < NW; i++) {
const wv = waves[i];
const th = wv.th + wv.r * t;
wkx[i] = wv.k * Math.cos(th);
wky[i] = wv.k * Math.sin(th);
wph[i] = wv.w * t;
}
const du = 0.20 + 0.12 * Math.sin(t * 0.00013); // slow prevailing drift
const dv = 0.08 + 0.08 * Math.cos(t * 0.00009);
let idx = 0;
for (let gy = 0; gy <= GH; gy++) {
const y = gy * CH;
for (let gx = 0; gx <= GW; gx++, idx++) {
const x = gx * CW;
let u = du, v = dv;
for (let i = 0; i < NW; i++) {
const s = wkx[i] * x + wky[i] * y + wph[i];
u += waves[i].a * wky[i] * Math.cos(s); // dpsi/dy
v -= waves[i].a * wkx[i] * Math.sin(s); // -dpsi/dx
}
FX[idx] = u * SPEED;
FY[idx] = v * SPEED;
}
}
}
// ---- per frame: fade, integrate, plot, blit ----
const RELAX = 0.08;
const SPEED2 = 160;
function step(t) {
updateField(t);
const b = buf, lr = lutR, lg = lutG, lb = lutB;
for (let i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
const p = b[i];
b[i] = lr[p & 255] | (lg[(p >>> 8) & 255] << 8) | (lb[(p >>> 16) & 255] << 16) | 0xff000000;
}
const fX = FX, fY = FY, stride = GW1, pal = PAL;
for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
let x = px[i], y = py[i];
const fx = x * INV_CW, fy = y * INV_CH;
const ix = fx | 0, iy = fy | 0;
const tx = fx - ix, ty = fy - iy;
const j = iy * stride + ix;
const j1 = j + 1, jb = j + stride, jb1 = jb + 1;
const w0 = 1 - tx;
const fu = (fX[j] * w0 + fX[j1] * tx) * (1 - ty) + (fX[jb] * w0 + fX[jb1] * tx) * ty;
const fv = (fY[j] * w0 + fY[j1] * tx) * (1 - ty) + (fY[jb] * w0 + fY[jb1] * tx) * ty;
const nvx = vx[i] + (fu - vx[i]) * RELAX;
const nvy = vy[i] + (fv - vy[i]) * RELAX;
vx[i] = nvx; vy[i] = nvy;
x += nvx; y += nvy;
if (x < 0) x += W; else if (x >= W) x -= W; // torus recycle
if (y < 0) y += H; else if (y >= H) y -= H;
px[i] = x; py[i] = y;
const s = (nvx * nvx + nvy * nvy) * SPEED2;
b[(y | 0) * W + (x | 0)] = pal[s > 255 ? 255 : (s | 0)];
}
ctx.putImageData(img, 0, 0);
}
// ---- honest FPS: rolling average of real rAF deltas ----
let last = performance.now();
let acc = 0, frames = 0;
let fpsStr = '— fps · — ms';
const countStr = px.length.toLocaleString('en-US') + ' particles';
function drawHUD() {
ctx.font = '12px ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace';
ctx.textBaseline = 'top';
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(4,6,10,0.55)';
ctx.fillRect(8, 8, 176, 40);
ctx.fillStyle = '#e6eef6';
ctx.fillText(fpsStr, 16, 14);
ctx.fillStyle = '#5fd8c6';
ctx.fillText(countStr, 16, 30);
}
function frame(now) {
requestAnimationFrame(frame);
let dt = now - last; last = now;
if (dt > 100) dt = 100; // tab was hidden; don't poison the average
acc += dt; frames++;
if (acc >= 400) {
fpsStr = (1000 * frames / acc).toFixed(1) + ' fps · ' + (acc / frames).toFixed(1) + ' ms';
acc = 0; frames = 0;
}
step(now);
drawHUD();
}
requestAnimationFrame(frame);
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>
The prediction
- FPS I expect: 58 on a 2023 laptop, integrated graphics, Chrome. My frame budget is ~6.8ms of a 16.6ms budget (field grid ~0.3ms, particle integrate+plot ~3ms, 540k-pixel fade ~1.5ms, 2.16MB
putImageData~1.5ms, HUD ~0.5ms), so a strong P-core machine will read a clean 60.0 and a weak U-series will dip toward 55; 58 is my honest center. It is CPU-bound, not fill-rate-bound — the iGPU only composites one 900×600 blit. - Where the time goes: roughly half update, half draw. Update (field grid + the 100k-particle loop) ≈ 50%, because it's the only N-scaling work and does ~50 ops + ~10 typed-array reads per particle. Draw ≈ 50%: the trail fade (~22%) is a fixed 540k-pixel cost, the
putImageDataupload (~22%) is a flat 2.16MB, HUD is noise. - First thing that breaks at 1M: the per-particle JS integration loop. It goes 10× (~30ms by itself), dropping you to ~25–30fps. The fade and the blit don't change with N, so it's not fill-rate or the upload that breaks first — it's the single-threaded
forloop over the SoA. - What you'd need to go 10× faster: move the simulation to the GPU — WebGL2 transform feedback (or FBO ping-pong / WebGPU compute): particles as a vertex buffer advanced in the vertex shader, the field evaluated analytically in-shader (no CPU grid), drawn as
gl.POINTSwith additive blending, trails via an FBO feedback loop. That's the named technique; it takes this to millions of particles with the CPU doing nothing but onedrawArrays.
If you fell short
Nothing dropped.
Attachments
qwen/qwen3.8-27b — page